Reported Speech is a sentence which reporting / retelling what had been said by others. Reported speech is usually called as Indirect Speech. Reported speech can be used to report :
- Statement
- Request
- Command
- Questions
- Tenses
No Backshift
Do not change the tense if the introductory clause is in Simple Present (e. g. He says). Note, however, that you might have to change the form of the present tense verb (3rd person singular).
Example
She says, “I speak Netherland.” – He says that he speaks Netherland.
Backshift
You must change the tense if the introductory clause is in Simple Past (e. g. He said). This is called backshift.
Example
He said, “I am borring.” – He said that he was borring.
| DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
| Simple Present | Simple Past |
| Present Progressive | Past Progressive |
| Simple Past | Past Perfect Simple |
| Present Perfect Simple | |
| Past Perfect Simple | |
| Past Progressive | Past Perfect Progressive |
| Present Perfect Progressive | |
| Past Perfect Progressive | |
| Future I (going to) | was / were going to |
| Future I (will) | Conditional I (would) |
| Conditional I (would) |
- Place and Time Expressions
In the following table, you will find ways of transforming place and time expressions into reported speech.
| DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
| Today | That day |
| Now | Then |
| Yesterday | The day before |
| Tomorrow | The next day / the following day |
| … days ago | … days before |
| Last week | The week before |
| Next year | The following year |
| Here | There |
| This | That |
| These | Those |
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